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居然，藏着这么多“电费刺客”！******
文/汪俐辰
近日，上海市一女子晒出12月用电账单，上了热搜！这张账单也让很多人大为震惊：11月只交了197元电费，12月却发现自己欠费3481元。排查后发现“电费刺客”，竟是忘关踢脚线取暖器。
电费蹭蹭上涨，却不知原因为何？家中电器，如何使用更省电？国是君为大家揪出以下“电费刺客”，省电小妙招get！
“刺客”一：电暖器
一到冬季，特别是没有暖气的南方，各种电暖器齐上线，功率一般都不小，费电程度也可想而知。这时该如何省电？
首先，最好不要频繁开关电暖器，一般电暖器在启动时候是最费电的。
其次，使用电暖器时，温度无需开太高，调到人体舒适的程度即可。同时也尽量不要频繁调节电暖器的温度，以免在不停切换高、低功率的过程中损失电能。
当然，最重要的是如果有较长时间不在家，特别是春节回家过年之前，使用电暖气的一定记得关暖气！关暖气！关暖气！
“刺客”二：电热水器
电热水器无疑是冬季的耗电大户，建议在使用时根据季节调整电热水器的温度。在冬季，可将温度调至55℃左右。
如果家里人多，热水器使用频繁，那最好不要经常插拔电源插头，频繁开关反而更耗电。倘若不是经常使用或家里人少，建议使用完后拔掉电源，用时再提前打开。
此外，随着使用年限的增加，电热水器镁棒水垢会越来越厚，从而导致加热效率越来越低，也更加费电。建议定期检查、更换镁棒、清理水垢。
“刺客”三：空调
当空调制热时，温度每调低2℃，可节电10%以上。
在冬季，可将空调温度设定在20℃左右，并将吹风口调至向下吹，这样吹出之后热空气自然上升，制热效率高，节能又减耗。
此外，避免频繁开关空调。如果短时间外出，可将家中的空调调至睡眠模式。
空调在制热时，很容易积灰，如果长期不清洗，将会越来越耗电。建议一个月左右清洗一下空调滤网和散热翅片。
“刺客”四：冰箱
年关将至，冰箱也要被年货塞满了。但要注意的是，冰箱内食物不管是太满还是太空，都会比较耗电，一般放置三分之二的食物最为省电。
其次，尽量减少冰箱门开关的次数。从冰箱取出食物后要迅速关门，这个习惯长期保持能省不少电。同时可以根据季节进行档位调节，冬天可以将冰箱室内温度调至4-5档，比较省电。
此外，冰箱摆放位置也与电费挂钩。尽量放置在阴凉通风处，避免阳光直射，远离热源。冰箱的顶部及左右两侧和背部距离墙壁应该留10~20cm空间位置，以利于冰箱散热，从而减少电耗。
超龄、蒙灰都更费电
超龄电器
超过安全使用年限的家电存在漏水、漏电、引发线路短路等隐患，耗电量也高于原耗电量约20%—40%。如果出现噪音过大、效果变差等老化特征，建议及时保养或更换，避免电器安全事故。
蒙灰家电
布满灰尘的电脑主板和电源大约会增加30%的耗电量；
布满油渍的油烟机运行负担加重，耗电量也随之增加15%—30%；
冰箱冷冻室的冰霜厚度达到4—6毫米时耗电量会增加30%左右；
水垢、灰尘、油渍像是套上“脏马甲”，不仅容易滋生细菌、影响电器工作效率，还会不知不觉“偷电”，建议及时给家电去污除尘。
综合自国网浙江电力、封面新闻等
中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文•麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀 摄由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎） [责编：天天中] 阅读剩余全文（）  视觉焦点
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